Jobs in software

In computing a job (or process) is a term used to refer to a single instance of a program. The term is mostly used on multitasking systems. These are operating systems that are able to process many tasks 'concurrently'; however, this is normally achieved through the illusion of doing a little bit of job A, then a bit of job B, then a bit of job C, but done so quickly that the user sees them as happening at the same time. The term 'time slice' is used for the amount of time that a job gets run for, and the process of going through all the jobs, running each of them for a time slice, is known as a processing cycle. So, job A might get a timeslice of so many milliseconds, and then, whether it's finished or not, it will be job B's turn, and the computer will pause execution of job A, until the other jobs have had their turn, and job A is resumed at where it left off. The software responsible for managing this is known as a job scheduler. Because such systems tend to have many jobs active at any one time, they provide 'job' management facilities that allow the user to stop/pause/restart jobs, and to set priorities on jobs (so that job A might get more 'timeslices' per cycle than other jobs).

Computer programming (often shortened to programming or coding) is the process of writing, testing, debugging/troubleshooting, and maintaining the source code of computer programs. This source code is written in a programming language. The code may be a modification of an existing source or something completely new. The purpose of programming is to create a program that exhibits a certain desired behaviour (customization). The process of writing source code often requires expertise in many different subjects, including knowledge of the application domain, specialized algorithms and formal logic.

Overview

Within software engineering, programming (the implementation) is regarded as one phase in a software development process.

There is an ongoing debate on the extent to which the writing of programs is an art, a craft or an engineering discipline.^[1] Good programming is generally considered to be the measured application of all three, with the goal of producing an efficient and evolvable software solution (the criteria for "efficient" and "evolvable" vary considerably). The discipline differs from many other technical professions in that programmersgenerally do not need to be licensed or pass any standardized (or governmentally regulated) certification tests in order to call themselves "programmers" or even "software engineers." However, representing oneself as a "Professional Software Engineer" without a license from an accredited institution is illegal in many parts of the world.

Another ongoing debate is the extent to which the programming language used in writing computer programs affects the form that the final program takes. This debate is analogous to that surrounding the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis ^[2] in linguistics, that postulates that a particular language's nature influences the habitual thought of its speakers. Different language patterns yield different patterns of thought. This idea challenges the possibility of representing the world perfectly with language, because it acknowledges that the mechanisms of any language condition the thoughts of its speaker community.

Said another way, programming is the craft of transforming requirements into something that a computer can execute.

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Employment

Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. An employee may be defined as: "A person in the service of another under any contract of hire, express or implied, oral or written, where the employer has the power or right to control and direct the employee in the material details of how the work is to be performed." Black's Law Dictionary page 471 (5th ed. 1979).

In a commercial setting, the employer conceives of a productive activity, generally with the intention of generating a profit, and the employee contributes labour to the enterprise, usually in return for payment of wages. Employment also exists in the public, non-profit and householdsectors. To the extent that employment or the economic equivalent is not universal, unemployment exists.

Employer

An employer is a person or institution that hires employees or workers. Employers offer hourly wages or a salary in exchange for the worker'slabor power, depending upon whether the employee is paid by the hour or a set rate per pay period. A salaried employee is typically not paid more for more hours worked than the minimum, whereas wages are paid for all hours worked, including overtime.

Employers include everything from individuals hiring a babysitter to governments and businesses which may hire many thousands of employees. In most western societies, governments are the largest single employers but most of the work force is employed in small and medium businesses in the private sector.

Although employees may contribute to an enterprise, the employer maintains control over the productive base of land and capital, and is the entity named in contracts. The employer typically maintains ownership of intellectual property created by an employee within the scope of employment and as a function thereof. These inventions or creations become the property of the employer based on a concept known as "works for hire".

An employers’ relative level of power over employees is dependent upon numerous factors; the most influential being the nature of the employment relationship. The relationship employers share with employees is affected by three significant factors – interests, control and motivation. It is up to employers to effectively manage and balance these factors to ensure a harmonious and productive working relationship.

Interests can be best described as monetary constraints and economic pressures placed on organizations in their pursuit of profits. It covers facets such as labour productivity, wages and the effect of financial markets on businesses.

Wood et al (2004, p 355) describe control as being either output focused, focusing on desired targets with managers defining, and using, their own methods for reaching targets, or process controls, which specify the manner in which tasks will be achieved (Ibid, p. 357). Employer and managerial control within an organization rests at many levels and has important implications for staff and productivity alike, with control forming the fundamental link between desired outcomes and actual processes. Employers must balance interests such as decreasing wage constraints with a maximization of labour productivity in order to achieve a profitable and productive employment relationship.

Motivation is the third and most difficult of the factors for employers to effectively manage in the employment relationship . Employee motivation can often be in direct conflict with control mechanisms of employers, and can be broadly defined as that which energizes, directs and sustains human behaviour ( Stone, 2005, p 412). Dubin (1958, p 213) further elaborates on this, noting motivation as “something that moves a person to action, and continues him in the course of action already initiated.”

The employment relationship is thus a difficult challenge for employers to manage, as all three facets are often in direct competition with each other, with interests, control and motivation often clashing in the equally important quest for individual employee autonomy, employer command and control and ultimate profits.

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Day Job

A day job is a form of occupation taken by a person in order to make ends meet while working another low-paying (or non-paying) job in their preferred career track. Archetypal examples of this are the woman who is working as a waitress for her "day job", while she tries to become anactress, and the professional athlete who must work as a laborer in the off season because he is currently only able to make the roster of asemi-professional team.

While many people do hold a full-time occupation, the term "day job" is specific to those who hold the position solely to pay their living expenses while working on the job (their "other", not necessarily "night", job) they intend to eventually move over to entirely.

Notable figures who have worked in this configuration include the Wright brothers, who held full-time employment as bicycle repairmen while they experimented on powered flights.

The phrase "don't quit your day job" is used as a humorous response to a poor performance. The phrase implies that the performer is not talented enough in that activity to be able to make a career out of it.

This culture-related article is a stub. You can help by

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Job may refer to:

• a job (role) served by a person or thing:
• a job opening, a desire by an organization to fill a position
• an odd lot or job-lot is a non-standard quantity purchase performed by jobbers
• a task to be performed:
• Job (software), a scheduled and/or automated task for a computer in a batch processing environment
• Job Corps, a training program administered by the United States Government
• Job Network, a set of employment organizations funded by the Australian Government
• Job (professional wrestling), a wrestling performer who loses a match
• Job's syndrome, another name for the medical condition Hyper IgE syndrome (HIES)
• Boob job, a breast enlargement proceedure
• Job for a Cowboy an American death metal band

in literature:

• Book of Job, part of the Tanakh or Old Testament
• Job (Bible), a character in the Book of Job
• Job, a minor Biblical figure
• Job: A Comedy of Justice, a novel by Robert A. Heinlein
• Job (novel), a novel by Joseph Roth
• La Job, a Quebec adaptation of the British TV series The Office
• Jobs (Remnants), a major character from K. A. Applegate's Remnants series

in sexuality:

• Blowjob, the act of providing sexual stimulation to someone's penis by using another person's mouth
• Handjob, stimulation of the penis or other human sexual body part by the hand; or a task performed by hand rather than manufactured

People named Job or Jobs:

• Steve Jobs, co-founder and CEO of consumer electronics company Apple Inc.
• Job ben Solomon, a Muslim slave who was a victim of the Atlantic slave trade
• Job Cohen, mayor of Amsterdam
• Job de Roincé (1896-1981), French journalist and writer
• Joseph-Désiré Job, a Cameroonian footballer

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Online Membership Management For Corporate Officials

People who handle serious tasks in the corporate world should
really be kept abreast of the techniques, methods, and modes of
how to properly execute their management prowess. They are not
simply taking charge of simple work but rather they are
responsible for the execution of several jobs that of course
pose great relevance to the flow of the company's work plan.

But how could project managers and other top officials of the
corporate companies master the art of management? How could they
be educated with what is necessary in terms of properly handling
their tasks and maintaining a harmonious relationship with their
subordinates? It would help of course if there would be some
available clubs or organizations that they could partake in.

Online membership management is one particular way of communing
with other managers so that they could share with each other
some pertinent insights regarding how to deal with their work,
how they could possibly go on with their tasks without actually
suppressing the rights of other employees and offending other
people, and how a good relationship could exist between the
superiors and their subordinates. Online membership management
through forums is a great avenue to voice out one's opinion, ask
questions, address concerns, help out people, and gain friends.
More and more people are nowadays getting involved with online
membership management by means of forums.

Typically, online membership management for forums would
require one to fill out the online application forms. Some
forums ask for membership fees whereas there are those that come
for free. The same interests unite the people who take part in
the forums. Meaning to say, there are different forums for
different concerns of people. Usually, businessmen are part of
forums. Their online membership management is always active
because it is through the forums that they are able to get in
touch with other people who share the same interest and kind of
thinking with them. They may not actually know each other
personally but they feel close and are bound as one because of
their focus and concerns in life.

Aside from the forums, there are other educational sites that
the World Wide Web hosts. For the corporate managers, they could
enroll in the PMLC or Project Management Learning Center. Aside
from this, there are likewise other relevant websites that could
help out incorporate valuable knowledge into their minds
especially when it comes in line with their careers. Online
membership management is usually globally oriented. Meaning, the
enrollees or learners are from all over the world. With this
kind of online membership management learning opportunity, there
are a lot to learn from the discussions, social networking, and
other materials handed out.

The PMLC program indeed promote the procedure of developing,
creating, sharing, incorporating, and applying the relevant
knowledge in line with project management. All these things are
believed to be geared towards the advantages to be heaped to
both the profession and humanity itself. The online membership
management would provide the involved people the easy access to
seminars, events, conferences, and a lot other opportunities
that could greatly help them.

Online membership management is a reliable recourse for
corporate managers because they could be offered the best
opportunities that will all the more improve their skills and
enhance their managing prowess. The Internet is the best source
of programs that will educate the top officials of many
companies so that they would be able to properly carry out their
designated functions.

About The Author: Mario Churchill is a freelance author and has
written over 200 articles on various subjects. For more
information about membership software or membership management
software checkout http://www.extrememember.com

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Three Steps To Getting A Work-at-home Job

Each week I find hundreds of work-at-home job announcements
from companies looking for qualified employees to hire. Despite
the abundance of work-at-home jobs, millions of people who want
a work-at-home job continue to fall victim to scams and
deceptive schemes. If you have been struggling to work at home,
here are the three steps you must follow to be successful.

Step One: What can you do?

You wouldn't use a search engine and sign up for the first
thing that sounded good in a traditional job search; yet, so
many people take this approach to finding a work-at-home job.
One of the most important ideas you need to understand is that
work-at-home job searches are just like traditional job
searches. Employers are looking for people with specific skills
and experience to fill specific jobs. You won't simply sign up
for a work-at-home job. Instead you'll need a professional
resume or application that sets you apart from the competition.
All this starts by listing your skills and experiences. Don't
limit this list just to job skills. Also include volunteer
experience, hobbies, and interests. Note the duties and
activities your "jobs" involved and the things you've learned
from your experiences.

Step Two: Look for jobs

Most people get in trouble in their work-at-home job search
because they look for the wrong jobs in the wrong places. In
Step One you learned that work-at-home jobs are no different
from traditional jobs and as a result you've made a list of all
your experiences. In Step Two you need to begin to search where
employers post jobs. You can find work-at-home job announcements
on job sites such as Monster.com and Careerbuilder.com by using
"telecommute" as your keyword. You still need to watch out for
deceptive job ads on general job search sites. The best way to
avoid them is to remember two rules: 1) never pay money to get
hired and 2) never give or use your personal bank to help a
company do business.

If you're serious about finding a work-at-home job, consider
using a work-at-home job database. These services are not free
(you're not paying to get hired, you're paying for the service
of having someone else screen work-at-home jobs and allowing you
to access their database), but they make finding jobs fast and
easy.

Step Three: Apply, Apply, Apply

A successful job search requires creating a stellar resume or
application. Remember, you're competing against hundreds, maybe
even thousands of other applicants. You're resume or application
needs to set you apart from all of them. You do that by
tailoring your resume to the specific skills and experiences the
employer is looking for. If the ad is for a transcriptionist to
help a public speaker, share how fast you type, whether or not
you have transcribed for other speakers or in the topic area the
speaker specializes in. Indicate specific equipment or software
you have experience with. Fit the resume to the job and you'll
be showing the employer you're the exact person he's looking
for.

Also, do as the application says, no more, no less. A common
complaint with employers is that the applicants don't follow the
directions. Don't try to be cute or creative. Use strong, active
verbs to outline your skills instead of crazy font or gimmicks.

Finally be ready to apply to many jobs over time. Work-at-home
employers are notorious for not getting back to applicants about
their submissions, so you need to keep applying, following-up,
finding more jobs and applying some more. Successful home-based
employees find their jobs by never giving up the search.

With hundreds of employers looking for qualified home-based
workers, the would-be telecommuter has many opportunities to
find a job. However, like traditional jobs, work-at-home jobs
are earned by showcasing skills and experiences.

About The Author: Leslie Truex owns Work-At-Home Success and is
the author of The Career Woman's Guide to Work-At-Home Success
due out by Adams Media in 2009. Get free jobs and job search
resources with a subscription to her ezine! Visit
http://www.workathomesuccess.com to sign up.

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Benefits of Microsoft Certification

Information Technology is a rapidly changing industry with
constant changes in software technology. The IT industry is very
volatile and demands very high quality of professionals.
Preferably those who are internationally certified by I.T.
Giants like, Microsoft Corp, Cisco Systems, Sun Microsystems,
Oracle Corporation etc.

The adoption and use of new technology by the industry has led
to continous change in manpower requirements. As a result, a
professional needs to update regularly, to keep their skill sets
industry-relevant. To keep up with the changing requirements of
the Software Development Industry, an IT professional/job-seeker
should not only be aware of and gain knowledge of new products,
but should also get Certified by the Industry Leaders on their
products.

Some employers require or prefer certain MCP, MCTS , MCPD,
MCITP certifications for specific jobs that involve Microsoft
products and technologies. Other vendors have their own
certification programs.

Microsoft Certified Professional- MCP refers to the broad
certification program for Microsoft, although in previous
generations it also referred to an individual candidate who had
completed any one exam within the program (subject to some
exclusions).

The MCP program offers multiple certifications, based on
different areas of technical expertise. To attain these
certifications, a candidate must pass a series of exams within
the program.

Some of the current certifications are:

1. Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist -MCTS (.Net 2.0) -
For developers who want to demonstrate their technical expertise
using the Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0; three specialty areas
are available: Web Applications, Windows Applications and
Distributed Applications.

2. Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist -MCTS (SQL Server
2005) - For IT professionals who want to demonstrate their
technical expertise in one of three areas: Implementation and
Maintenance, Database Development, or Business Intelligence.

3. Microsoft Certified Professional Developer- MCPD (.Net 2.0)
- For developers who want to demonstrate their advanced skills
in one or more of three job-role tracks: Web Developer, Windows
Developer and Enterprise Applications Developer.

4. Microsoft Certified I T Professional- MCITP (MS SQL 2005) -
Builds on an MCTS pre-requisite and is designed for IT
professionals who want to demonstrate their expertise in using
SQL Server 2008 for one of three specific job-roles: Database
Administrator, Database Developer, or Business Intelligence
Developer.

5. Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist -MCTS (Microsoft
.NET Framework 3.5)- Three options for developers who want to
demonstrate their technical expertise in using the .NET
Framework 3.5; six specialty areas are available: Windows
Presentation Foundation, Windows Communication Foundation,
Windows Workflow Foundation, Windows Forms, ASP.NET, and
ADO.NET.

6. Microsoft Certified Professional Developer- MCPD (Microsoft
.NET Framework 3.5)- Builds on an MCTS pre-requisite(s) and is
designed for developers who want to demonstrate their expertise
in using Visual Studio 2008 for one of three specific job roles:
Windows Developer, ASP.NET Developer, or Enterprise Application
Developer.

7. Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist -MCTS (SQL Server
2008)- For IT professionals who want to demonstrate their
technical expertise in one of three areas: Implementation and
Maintenance, Database Development, or Business Intelligence.

8. Microsoft Certified I T Professional- MCITP (MS SQL 2008)-
Builds on an MCTS pre-requisite and is designed for IT
professionals who want to demonstrate their expertise in using
SQL Server 2008 for one of three specific job-roles: Database
Administrator, Database Developer, or Business Intelligence
Developer.

The Benefits of Microsoft Certification Courses

1. Industry recognition of your knowledge and proficiency

2. Logos and certificates to identify your MCP , MCTS, MCPD,
MCITP status

3. Access to an exclusive MCP , MCTS, MCPD, MCITP member Web
site

4. Exclusive discounts on products and services

5. Access to career-related tools

6. Invitations to conferences, training sessions, and special
events

About The Author: I am Sunil Punjabi, a Microsoft Certified
Professional (MCP,MCSD, http://MCAD.Net,MCSD.Net,
http://MCP-.Net 2.0). I have been conducting Training Courses
and Certification Guidance for Microsoft Certifications for the
past 8 years. For more information please contact me at
http://www.sierrainfotechindia.com/

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